Structural barriers and facilitators in HIV prevention: a review of international research
Richard G. Parker, Delia Easton and Charles H. Klein
Paper provides an overview of the structural and environmental factors which are effective in distribution of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. In addition, it has investigated the role of these factors in facilitating or hindering the HIV-prevention programs. A large group of international studies have reviewed in order to identify the main lines of research activity in this area. Based on this review it was revealed that the factors fall into three interconnected categories which are economic development and poverty; mobility including migration, population movement due to seasonal work, wars and political instability; and gender inequalities.
The study found that economic development can positively affect the HIV/AIDS vulnerability. Moreover the migration and mobility of people such as those who immigrate from rural to urban areas can be significantly linked to increased HIV incidence and vulnerability of this devastating disease. On the other hand, political instability can intensify poverty and stimulates migration to big cities, where a number of factors like sexism, sexual-union patterns can all cause HIV distribution. Political economic factors make HIV epidemic closely related to gender and sexuality structures that within society hierarchies women, and specially low-income women are highly exposed to HIV infection.
Besides these categories, it was found that some particular public-health policies such as structural policies and the socioeconomic instabilities, national HIV/AIDS policies, international injecting-drug-related policies and ethical and human right issues play an important role in increasing or reducing HIV vulnerability and transmission.
Some specific environmental structures are investigated in detail in order to find more extensice references on this topic. Among them heterosexual women, female sex workers, truch drivers and men who have sex with men are four groups of people who have participated in this section.
In conclusion, a number of innovative and interdisciplinary approaches are needed that can move beyond the limited successes of traditional behavioral interventions and more research must be undertaken to achieve broader social and structural change.
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A very nicely written summary but can you further explain why that people who migrate from rural to urban areas can increase HIV incidence?
ReplyDeleteThanx Pei Jun! basically, many people who are from rural areas lack knowledge on the use of contraceptives, and some cultures do not allow the use of contraceptives which is why some people may end up infecting others as they migrate to urban areas.
ReplyDeleteHi friends,thanks for your consideration to my summary. As u asked about the impact of migration from rural to urban region, i have to mention that,the migration always will carry some social and economical problem for people which decided to move. Based on the research article,due to poor economical condition of new immigrants, specially those women that change their place are faced with so many financial problem and they have to spend much more money than before. So in order to resolve this problem, they start to work as an female sexual worker due to lack of any other useful skills or capabilities. On the other hand, the men who leave their wives behind to come in big cities for extra work opportunities, are try to satisfy their sexual demand with some of strangers.
ReplyDeleteMoreover, according to reviewed paper, there are truck drivers that provide transportation to women in exchange for sex, and women offer drivers sex or a place to stay for small fee.
But wouldn't the people in the urban areas know better?
ReplyDelete